how to set Static MAC address in VMware – ESX Virtualization

How to maintain a the same MAC address all the time within your vSphere 4 installation. In VMware vSphere 4 environement, when you move your VM to another

Source: Static MAC address set in VMware – ESX Virtualization

How to maintain a the same MAC address all the time within your vSphere 4 installation.

In VMware vSphere 4 environement, when you move your VM to another host or the VM has different path on the same host, the MAC adress of the VM is changed.

If you want to guarantee that the same MAC address is assigned to a given virtual machine every time, even if the virtual machine is moved, or if you want to guarantee a unique MAC address for each virtual machine within a networked environment you have 2 choices. You can do it on the VM configuration level or you can do it on the guest level.

On the VM level you can do it via GUI or by editing your VMX file (just make sure that you unregister the VM from vCenter first, otherwise vCenter will overwrite the value) you go to Menu VM > Edit Settings > Network Adapter and you set the radio button on Manual. Then you can assign a static MAC address there between the authorised range by VMware. The MAC address range is:

00:50:56:00:00:00-00:50:56:3F:FF:FF

If in some rare cases you need to keep the same MAC as for exaple on your Physical server (for some software license files tightened to a MAC address for exemple), and the MAC adress is outside of the range, you have the possibility to do it inside of your Windows (linux) VM.

On the Windows VM you do it in the properties of your NIC:

Start the VM and in the Windows system go to Control panel > network connections > Properties

Click the Configure button and go to Advanced Tab where on selecting Locally administered value you are able to enter your own value.

And for linux VM you can try this:

ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 hw ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
ifconfig eth0 up

How to Synchronize ESXi/ESX time with a Microsoft Domain Controller

Symptoms

An ESXi/ESX host configured to use a Microsoft Windows 2003 or newer Domain Controller as a time source never synchronizes its clock with a default configuration.

Resolution

Workaround

If you are using ESXi/ESX 4.1 Update 1 or later, you can use this workaround:

When using Active Directory integration in ESXi/ESX 4.1 and newer, it is important to synchronize time between ESXi/ESX and the directory service to facilitate the Kerberos security protocol.

ESXi/ESX support synchronization of time with an external NTPv3 or NTPv4 server compliant with RFC 5905 and RFC 1305. Microsoft Windows 2003 and newer use the W32Time service to synchronize time for windows clients and facilitate the Kerberos v5 protocol. For more information, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article 939322 and How the Windows Time Service Works.

By default, an unsynced Windows server chooses a 10-second dispersion and adds to the dispersion on each poll interval that it remains in sync. An ESXi/ESX host, by default, does not accept any NTP reply with a root dispersion greater than 1.5 seconds.

The preceding links were correct as of April 16, 2013. If you find a link is broken, provide feedback and a VMware employee will update the link.

Configure Windows NTP Client

ESXi/ESX requires an accurate time source to synchronize with. To use a Windows 2003 or newer server, it should be configured to get its time from an accurate upstream NTP server. For more information, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article 816042.

The preceding link was correct as of April 16, 2013. If you find a link is broken, provide feedback and a VMware employee will update the link.

Use the registry editor on the Windows server to make the configuration changes:

Note: This procedure modifies the Windows registry. Before making any registry modifications, ensure that you have a current and valid backup of the registry and the virtual machine. For more information on backing up and restoring the registry, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article 136393.

1. Enable NTP mode:
   1. Locate HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\Parameters
   2. Set the Type value to NTP.

1. Enable the NTP Client:
   1. Locate HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\Config
   2. Set the AnnounceFlags value to 5.

1. Specify the upstream NTP servers to sync from:
   1. Locate HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\TimeProviders
   2. Set the NtpServer value to a list of at least 3 NTP servers.

      Example: You might set the value to:

      1.pool.ntp.org,0x1 2.pool.ntp.org,0x1 3.pool.ntp.org,0x1

      Note: On a Windows 2008 Domain Controller, NtpServer is located inHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\Parameters.

1. Specify a 15-minute update interval:
   1. LocateHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\TimeProviders\NtpClient
   2. Set the SpecialPollInterval value to 900.

1. Restart the W32time service for the changes to take effect.

Configure ESXi/ESX NTP and Likewise Clients

vSphere Client

Configure ESXi/ESX to synchronize time with the Windows server Active Directory Domain Controller:

1. Connect to the ESXi/ESX host or vCenter Server using the vSphere Client.
2. Click the ESXi/ESX host in the inventory.
3. Click the Configuration tab.
4. Under the Software heading, click Time Configuration.
5. Click Properties.
6. Ensure that the NTP Client Enabled option is selected.
7. Click Options.
8. Click NTP Settings.
9. Click Add and specify the fully qualified domain name or IP address of the Windows server Domain Controller(s).
10. Click OK.
11. Click OK to save the changes.

vSphere Web Client

1. Log in to the vSphere Web Client with administrator credentials.
2. Click on Hosts and Clusters.
3. Select the ESXi host from the list
4. Click Manage > Settings.
5. Expand System and select Time Configurations.
6. Click Edit.
7. Enter the Windows server Domain Controller(s) information.

Additional configuration must be done from the command line.

ESX/ESXi 4.x and 5.x

1. Open a console to the ESXi/ESX host. For more information, see Connecting to an ESX host using a SSH client (1019852) or Using Tech Support Mode in ESXi 4.1 and ESXi 5.0 (1017910).
2. Open the /etc/ntp.conf file in a text editor. For more information, see Editing configuration files in VMware ESXi and ESX (1017022).
3. Add the tos maxdist command on its own line:

   tos maxdist 30

4. Save and close the configuration file.
5. Make the /etc/likewise/lsassd.conf file writable by running the command:

   chmod +w /etc/likewise/lsassd.conf

6. Open the /etc/likewise/lsassd.conf file in a text editor. For more information, see Editing configuration files in VMware ESXi and ESX (1017022).
7. Locate the sync-system-time option, uncomment it, and set the value to no:

   sync-system-time = no

8. Save and close the configuration file.
9. On ESXi, save the configuration changes to the boot bank so they persist across reboots by running the command:

   /sbin/auto-backup.sh

10. Restart the ntpd and lsassd services for the configuration changes to take effect by running the commands:

    service lsassd restart
    service ntpd restart

    Note: To restart the ntpd and lsassd services on an ESXi host, run these commands:

    /etc/init.d/lsassd restart
    /etc/init.d/ntpd restart

If the ntpd and lsassd services do not restart, consider restarting the management agents first. For more information about restarting the management agents, see Restarting the Management agents on an ESX or ESXi Server (1003490).

ESXi 6.0

1. Connect to the ESXi host using an SSH session. For more information, see Using ESXi Shell in ESXi 5.x and 6.0 (2004746).
2. Run this command to access the likewise shell:

   /usr/lib/vmware/likewise/bin/lwregshell

   Note: If the command fails with the error:

   lwregshell (error = 40700 – LWREG_ERROR_NO_SUCH_KEY_OR_VALUE)

   Run this command to start the likewise service:

   /etc/init.d/lwsmd start

3. Navigate to the HKEY_THIS_MACHINE\Services\lsass\Parameters\Providers\ActiveDirectory directory with this command:

   cd HKEY_THIS_MACHINE\Services\lsass\Parameters\Providers\ActiveDirectory

4. Run this command to change the synchronization time:

   set_value SyncSystemTime 0

5. Exit the shell by typing quit and pressing Enter.
6. Refresh the lsass service with this command:

   /usr/lib/vmware/likewise/bin/lwsm refresh lsass

   For example:

   /usr/lib/vmware/likewise/bin/lwsm refresh lsass

   Refreshing service: lsass

7. To verify the changes to the registry key, run this command:

   /usr/lib/vmware/likewise/bin/lwregshell list_values “[HKEY_THIS_MACHINE\Services\lsass\Parameters\Providers\ActiveDirectory]”

Once the configuration changes are complete, ensure that the time is synchronized between the ESXi/ESX host and the Windows server

VMware ESX,VMware ESXi

Source: VMware KB: Synchronizing ESXi/ESX time with a Microsoft Domain Controller

How To Copy Command History to the clipboard in PowerShell

Copying Command History

Source: Copying Command History – Power Tips – PowerShell.com – PowerShell Scripts, Tips, Forums, and Resources

You can copy your entire command history to the clipboard:

(Get-History).CommandLine | clip.exe 

This technique uses automatic unrolling introduced in PowerShell 3.0. To use it in PowerShell 2.0, you would have to manually expand the CommandLine property like this:

Get-History | Select-Object -ExpandProperty commandline | clip.exe 

To copy only the last five commands, simply add the -Count parameter to Get-History:

(Get-History -Count 5).CommandLine | clip.exe